This article proposes a critical historical genealogy of Protestant currents of spirit-baptism and charisms, from the nineteenth-century roots of sanctification to the contemporary New Prophetic Churches (NPC) in Africa. Drawing on a bibliographical synthesis (Creech, Robeck, Synan, Anderson, McClymond, Mayrargue, Lado, Kalu, Asamoah-Gyadu, Mohr, Kgatle and collaborators), it shows that Azusa Street (Los Angeles, 1906) constitutes a major hub of global visibility, and not an exclusive monogenesis of Pentecostalism. Four levels are firmly kept distinct: institutionalized classical Pentecostalism; the Charismatic Renewal of the 1960s–1970s, in which the faithful remain within their mainline Churches; post-1970 African neo-Pentecostalism (prosperity, media, urban deliverance); and the NPCs, a later branch centered on the prophet, documented mainly in Southern Africa. The article also specifies that the North American meaning of "neo-Pentecostalism" (charismatics who remained within historic denominations) does not coincide with the African "néo-pentecôtiste" of the French- and English-language African literature. The colonial and postcolonial thread runs through the narrative: missions under colonial canopy, African Independent Churches (AIC), 1970s campuses, urbanization and the religious market. A Protestant reading of historical discernment (1 Thessalonians 5:19-21; 1 John 4:1; Acts 17:11) concludes: continuity of experience of the Spirit and discontinuity of ecclesial accountability. The abuses documented in certain NPCs are briefly referred to work already published in this section, without conflating everything.